CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
Quality is a desirable characteristics by all stakeholders in construction. the quality is a set of activities whose purpose is to demonstrate that an entity meets all quality requirements (ISO, 2007).
Quality control is a set of activity or techniques whose purpose is to ensure that all quality requirements are being met. In order to achieve quality control, processes are monitored and performances problems are solved (ISO. 2007). Quality control is concerned with actual measurement, testing or supervision of manufacturers` own final product control, either by inspection of each unit or by sample. Construction quality according to Battikkha, (2002) is a critical factor in determining project acceptance and resultant contractual payment levels. This has made participants in the construction industry to become notably conscious of the role of quality as an essential means to achieve client satisfaction and gaining competitive advantage in the industry.
Construction Industry plays a major role in the economic growth of a nation and occupies a pivotal position in the nation’s development plans. Construction sector is viewed as a service industry. It generates substantial employment and provides growth impetus to other manufacturing sectors like cement, bitumen, iron and steel, chemicals, bricks, paints, tiles etc. The Project owner, construction companies, consultants, bankers and financial institutions, vendors and suppliers and even the service providers, each has his own fears of following Quality control policy in the conduct of construction in the building sector. The magnitude of the quality is indeterminate at times by the nature of the work output and the nature of how the work is been carried out.
The construction sector in Nigeria has for some time suffered from poor performance and a lack of control in various steps of the process. Due to the sector’s problems with numerous faults and the increased costs for buildings, the Nigeria government initiated the sector that will be monitoring and whose assignment was to focus on where the problems were and how to increase the effectiveness instead of the costs. They found, amongst other things, problems with cost and faults related to the construction. Risks and other uncertainties can cause losses that lead to increased costs, time delays and lack of quality during the progression of the projects and at their end.
Quality and uncertainties appear in various shapes. In projects the objectives are most often related to time, cost, quality and function and client satisfaction. In organizations, depending on the risk management focus, different relations between the objectives and the definition of quality exist. The quality definition is therefore highly dependent on the choice of applied management focus in the organization. In the construction industry the management focus on site is closest related describe as project quality management and safety quality management. At other levels, apart from the project site, the focus is somewhat different. Quality control is generally a part of other management systems such as risk, environmental or work environmental management systems. Some core values are common in many environmental management systems viz. the commitment of all employees, customer focus, management commitment, focus on process, continuous improvement and fact-based decisions. These core values are closely connected and could easily be found in the theoretical framework of quality management. The current focus on quality management should be regarded as a complement and a development of the already implemented management systems used by companies. Either way, quality management is a crucial part of the total project management system regardless of the focus on time, quality, environment or work environment.
Construction includes the materials used in buildings, highways, bridges, railway and metro projects. The key to reliable construction and infrastructure development is the civil engineering techniques, technologies, and most importantly the building/construction materials used. Building materials include cement, aggregate, concrete, reinforced steel, bricks, tiles, various types of composites etc. Proper assessment of the properties of these materials is vital to ensure the quality and durability of the final structure that is made with them. (British Standard EN 12620, 2002). Building materials should be chosen to (Sri Lanka, 2008) comply with the relevant standard. Adequate mark implies compliance of the material with the relevant authority standard and the use of International Standard Organisation (ISO) mark is authorized after assessment of the quality management system used in the manufacturing establishment.
Aside from structural requirements, some contractors also want to verify whether the material used in construction conform to the relevant standards. As a matter of fact, the positive feeling and understanding of enjoying the beauty of a house is to give a full comfort and safety of the client but due to lack of quality control in construction, this comfort cannot be fulfilled (Sri Lanka Standard, 2009). Besides the above mentioned, lack of quality control in construction is causing litigation among architects, builders, engineers, subcontractors and materials suppliers since each party is blaming each other for the problems at the building site.
1.1 Statement of the Problem
1.1 Statement of the Problem
In the construction industry all materials are important and useful for different purpose. The quality of material begins from the manufacturing process which signifies that all building materials must be adequately prepared and stored for construction. In this process building materials are of substandard which result in deficiency after short period of time when used. All construction materials must be able to meet up with the standard planned for it but major materials don’t meet up to this expectation which result in failure of building when used for the construction of building in Nigeria. Use of substantial materials are what usually result in building collapse and other vital situations that usually occur in building such as early deterioration of materials, lack of maintenance e.t.c.
More so, the number of quality control body have increase over time in the country, however this will enable the construction industry to be able to ensure that the quality of material are being used and the control of the material are of the best quality. According to (Beeston, 2008)Building regulations, or building control, is a set of rules that specify the minimum standards for constructed objects such as buildings and non-building structures. The main purpose of building codes are to protect public health, safety and general welfare as they relate to the construction and occupancy of buildings and structures.
Also much regulations are to be enforced in the construction industry to enable each of the construction site to be effective and following the building regulation rules and regulation adequately. In accordance to this the building code also needs to be fully implemented as fast as possible to ensure that the building materials used are of standard and of adequate quality. So this topic is trying to help us to design a unique method by which we will be able to control such menace in the construction industry by using adequately and standard building materials for building construction.
1.2 Research Questions
a. What are the expected qualities of some selected building materials?
b. How can the quality control requirements of incoming building materials be achieved on construction site?
c. What are the benefits of checking for materials quality before they are supplied to site for construction?
1.3 Aim of the Study
The aim of this research is to investigate the quality control of Building materials in Nigeria.
1.4 Objectives of the Study
a. To assess the expected qualities of some selected building materials.
b. To examine the ways the quality control requirements of incoming building materials can be achieved on construction site.
c. To assess the benefits of checking for materials quality before they are supplied to site for construction.
1.5 Scope and Limitation of the Study
The scope of the project is to investigate the quality control of some selected building materials in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. The target responding are professionals in the built environment who are employees in the private and public sectors.
1.6 Significance of the Study
This research work will enable the relevant authorities and professional to know the need for investigating the quality of materials in the construction industry and how these materials can be effectively checked for appropriate standards before they are applied for building construction. This will be highly essential to curb the low performance of buildings in Nigeria.
1.7 Method of Data Collection
In other words, the proposed methodologies that would be employed in this dissertation include the following;
a. Internet sources
b. Questionnaires
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