EST002 -AN EVOLUTION OF HOUSING PROBLEM IN IBADAN OYO STATE IN NIGERIA

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.0          Background Of The Study

               Housing is the permanently shelter for human habitation. Because shelter is necessary to everyone, the problem of providing adequate housing has long been a concern, no only of individuals, but to government as well. Thus, the history of housing is inseparable from the social, economic and political development of mankind (Aluko, 2006). All over the world, it is a widely acknowledge fact that shelter is one of the most basic human needs suffice it to say that inspire of its importance, it is one of the problem that has been given the least attention in both urban and rural areas of the country.

               The genesis of housing problems in Nigeria dated back to colonial government failed to evolve and articulate housing programme beyond the Government Reserved Areas (GRA). The colonial era has been a period of self centeredness on the part of the colonial masters as far as social housing in Nigeria was concerned. Studies have shown that the colonial masters built empires for themselves in the so- called Europeans quarters and Government Reserved Areas (GRA). This was necessitated partly by the colonial masters quest for quiet residential areas and partly for their desire for class and executive life (Ikejiofor, 1998). The colonial masters never considered it necessary to provide decent housing for their black counterparts, but were forced to do so when there was a threat to their lives following to outbreak of an epidemic.

               A case in mind was that of Lagos Executives Development Board, which was established in 1928 as a result of the destructive effect of the bubonic plaque, and was aimed at the clearing the slums in Lagos, being the area suspected to be epidemic by promoters. An attempt was further made by colonial master to provide housing for the civil servants under (Mobogunje, 1985); a plan tagged African Staff Housing Scheme; that was tagged to be facilitated by Nigeria building society. In post-colonial Era, sequel to Nigerian Independence in 1960, emphasis was placed on five-yearly development plan as a vehicle for economic growth, The first and second national Development plan covering the period 1960-1970 did not give housing any significant place until 1972 when during the extended second National Development; Plan, housing scheme under which government was to build 54000 housing unit by the end of 1979. Under third National Development Plan (Mijinyawa, et. al., 2007), which covered the period of 1975 -1980 government took a giant stride to address the National housing deficit of the country by engaging in social housing provision.

               During the period a rent panel was set up to review the level in the country. This marked the first attempt by government to recognize the housing problem of the less privilege people of Nigeria who has lost all sense of dignity as well as economic worth as citizen of an oil rich country. The forth; National Development plan, which covered the period 1980-1985 contained the most significant policy that addressed that nations housing problem and an overriding objectives of improving the overall quantity and quality of housing for all income, groups both in rural and urban especially.

1.2          Statement Of Problem

               The pooled effect of high population upsurge and urbanization in a declining economy has thrown Nigeria into serious housing problem, Ironically, the low-income groups who constitute the majority in the society are the most affected by the finance menace. The problems of housing shortage grow worse by the day in many developing nations including Nigeria. Conceivably, a major trait of housing crisis notable in urban centers in most developing nations is that of inadequate supply relative to demand (Arimah, 2000). The shortage, in both quantitative and qualitative terms, is more acute in urban centres. Mobogunje (1985) observed that people that sleep in indecent in urban Nigeria are more than people who sleep in decent houses; Thus, it is assertive that there is inadequacy in population in Nigeria. (Macpherson, 1979). The causes of this dearth in housing are numerous, High construction cost is found to be present in all countries, albeit in varrying degree of significance (Aluko, 2006). Arimah, et. al., 2000) attributes the high cost of construction rate; in; economy, high space and; quality; standard adopted by designer and construction.

1.2.1       Research Question

a.       What are the strategies for minimizing housing problems in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria?

b.      What the ways of improving housing provision in the study area.

c.       What are the extents in which public institution’s involve in housing delivery in the study area?

1.3          Aim And Objectives

The aim of this study is to evaluate housing problems in Nigeria with special reference to Ibadan city, Oyo State, with a view to reduce its effects.

The Objectives For This Study Are To:

a.      examine the strategy for minimizing housing problems in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria

b.      identify ways of improving housing provision in the study area.

c.       ascertain the extents in which public institution’s involve in housing delivery in the study area.

1.4          Justification

The study findings will be of benefit to the estate surveyor and Valuer and property owners; as will reveal the important strategies necessary for overcoming the challenges before them. The industry stakeholders such as the client, Architect, Estate Surveyor and Valuer, Builder and government will better understand the constraints and also assist in mapping out strategies that will aid their development. The government and stakeholders will be better informed through study recommendation of policy which will assist the property managers and owner in boosting their ability and capacity to quality housing delivery process. Moreover, the project research can as well be a guide for the incoming student who wants to research on housing or any matter relating to housing.

1.5          Scope Of Study

The scope of this study is based on evaluating of urban housing problems in Ibadan of Oyo state. But in view of the wide nature of the research topic, the study will focus mainly on Ibadan metropolis which comprises of Ibadan North Local Government Area, in Oyo State.

1.6          Limitation

The study is limited to the housing problems in Nigeria with special reference to Ibadan city, Oyo State.

1.7          Study Area

               Oyo State cover approximately an area of 28,458 kilometers and is ranked 14th by size, it is bounded in the south by Ogun state in the north by Kwara state, in the west it is partly bounded by Ogun state and partly by the republic of Benin, while in the East by Osun State. Oyo State contain a number of natural features including the old national pack. The climate is equatorial notably with dry and wet season with relatively high humidity. The dry season last from November to march while the wet starts from April and ends in October Average daily temperature ranges between 25 c (77. 0⁰F) and 35 c (95.0⁰F) almost through the year. Oyo State is located in the south west region of Nigeria, latitude 8 degree and longitude 4 degree East bisect state into four nearly equal parts. The people of Oyo State are Yoruba with common ancestor in Oduduwa within the state however, there are sub-ethnic group with distinct dialect peculiarities. The people of Oyo state may be divided into five broad groups, viz Ibadan, Ibarapas, Oyo Oke-Ogun and Ogbomoso.

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