CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
of the Study
Land
is the solid part of the earth surface and the basic natural resource of any
nation or state on which human and economic activities take place. It is
humanity’s most valuable resource without which man could never have existed
and on which his continued existence and progress depend (Fabiyi, 2006). Land
is said to be the primary and permanent material for human existence. Land from
time immemorial has been treated as a measure of wealth, status and power all
over the world (Aloks and Navedeep, 2002). As a result of this land has also
been the source of many bloody conflicts
and disputes not only between nations, kings, but also between common people as
this was the major source of their livelihood. It has also been the cause of
family rifts, turning brothers into enemies. Hence land is used to meet a
multiplicity and variety of human needs and to serve numerous diverse purposes.
The analysis of landuse change is essentially the analysis of the relationship
between man and land. This relationship between man and land can be traced to
the Holy Bible where it was clearly made known in several chapters that man
cannot be detached from the land (Adeniyi, 2012).
Land
use can be described as a way in which land is used by people in an area for
different purposes (Soot, 2014). The need for
land acquisition for economic and business transaction is to the benefit
of the users, and also as the vital sources of government; means of generating
income internally. Land use is one of
the purposes which include building
offices, shops, resorts and restaurants as opposed to construction of a
residential house (Taylor, 2000). Ratcliff (2014) defined location as “the sum
total of all the topographical, transport and other factors on land use that
characterized a particular neighborhood”. Location can be referred to as
proximity or nearness to transport, employment, shopping, recreational and
cultural facilities and the factors of any nuisance that is found in the area.
It also includes all the socio-economic characteristics of the people who are
present in the neighborhood.
Landuse
and landcover change are general terms for the human modification of Earth’s
terrestrial surface. It is an outcome of natural and socio-economic factors and
their utilization by man in time, and space. Land is becoming a scarce resource
due to immense demographic pressure. Though humans have been modifying land to
obtain food and other essentials for thousands of years, but the current rate,
extent and intensities of land use are far greater than ever in history
(Zubair, 2006). Hence information on anduse and landcover change emerged as a
global phenomenon and the most significant regional anthropogenic disturbance
to the environment in 20th century (Ademiluyi, et’al, 2008).
Landuse
and landcover change have become a central component in current strategies in
managing natural resources and monitoring environmental changes. Mmom (2008) noted
that the Landuse and landcover of region is a reflection of the level of
development in that region on the one hand, and the level of development
influences landuse and landcover of a region. In other words, development and
Landuse/Land cover is like two sides of the same coin. The quest and strive
towards industrialization, technological innovations, and the drive to
modernism have resulted to modification and change in landuse and landcover of
a region. It is pertinent to note that landuse and landcover changes have
impacts on a wide range of environmental and landscape attributes such as the
quality of water, land and air resources, ecosystem processes and function, and
the climate systems. A lot of environmental challenges have arisen in recent times
due to landuse and landcover change. Urban flood as a case in point has been on
the increase due to poor landuse planning and landuse change. Most natural
flood pathways and drainages have given way to high rise edifices for instance;
natural vegetations have been cleared for paved roads and other social
infrastructure. Thus, an unplanned change in the landuse and cover would mean
exposure of man to many vagaries of nature that most times turn out to be
disasters to human life and properties.
Leases
and licenses grant permission for using others' lands or properties for
specific periods of time; they may cover a long period of time, but eventually
terminate. Each has different provisions and includes a differing relationship
between property user and property owner. In leases, a relationship exists
between the user, usually called the tenant or renter, and the landowner
(Nwuba, 2014). A lease permits exclusive use, solely to the tenant, for a set
period of time. The tenant assumes control over the property during that time,
and pays for expenses associated with living on and maintaining the property.
At a minimum, lease contracts last 30 days, although many extend beyond that
time. Leases transfer and owners may revoke them. Licenses, in contrast, do not
transfer and owners never revoke them (Ibrahim, 2005). Licenses permit only
specified uses, and do not grant users full control over the property. Taxation
on licensed property varies depending on the use.
1.2 Statement
of the Problem
It
has been recognized that policy makers, planners, land administrators and
individual citizens all have a need for information about land and make
significant use of spatial data on a day-to-day basis. The accurate knowledge
of natural resources, description and record of such knowledge are the
essential prerequisite. Traditionally, such restrictions may be imposed through
either common or statutory law actions. The former is essentially a
reactive, case by case response driven by very specific circumstances.
The quest and strive towards industrialization, technological innovations, and
the drive to modernism have resulted to modification and change in landuse and
landcover of a region. It is pertinent to note that landuse and landcover
changes have impacts on a wide range of environmental and landscape attributes
such as the quality of water, land and air resources, ecosystem processes and
function, and the climate systems. A lot of environmental challenges such as
(air pollution, noise prolusion, demassification of the soil, high cost of land
purchase, inappropriate land mass) have arisen in recent times due to landuse
and landcover change. Urban flood as a case in point has been on the increase
due to poor landuse planning and landuse change. Most natural flood pathways
and drainages have given way to high rise edifices for instance; natural
vegetations have been cleared for paved roads and other social infrastructure.
Thus, an unplanned change in the landuse and cover would mean exposure of man
to many vagaries of nature that most times turn out to be disasters to human
life and properties. For example, the common law concept of nuisance is defined
as “an unreasonable interference by one party with another’s enjoyment of his
or her land”. The operation of a company may result in air or noise
pollution, diminishing the value of a neighboring parcel. If the neighbor
takes the offending company to court, the result might be an injunction of the
offending activity or monetary compensation to the neighboring property owner.
This is a response to a specific set of circumstances. Legislation and
regulation on the other hand provide a more formal, encompassing
approach. Land use and land cover
change analysis is one of the most precise techniques to understand how land
was used in the past, types of changes expected in the future as well as forces
and processes behind the changes (Belay 2002, cited in Messay, 2011). The
interaction between man and his environment have become increasingly complex
and diverse especially in natural resource exploitation and development. This
is as a result of lack of information on landuse and landcover. More recently,
the need for thoughtful and careful stewardship of land, together with more
intensive use and management of its resources, has emerged as a matter of major
global concern. This has led to a re-evaluation of the need for information
about land, the strategies and programme that may provide it. (Ojigi, et’ al,
2011In this particular instance, zoning would likely separate the incompatible
land uses, precluding the offending impact from arising in the first place.
Land use planning implies an orderly process by which the use of land within a
municipality, a county, or some other jurisdiction is regulated.
1.2.1 Research Questions
a. what
are the factor needed to identify the pattern of land use in Ibadan?
b. what
are the challenges facing the land users in Ibadan?
b. what
are the needed factors responsible for adequate land use in Ibadan?
d. what
are the possible solution facing the land users in Ibadan?
1.3 Aim
and Objectives of the Study
The
aim of this study is to critically analyze the pattern of land use in Ibadan, to
achieve this aim the following objectives should be put in place;
The
objectives of this study is to:
a. to
identify the pattern of land use in Ibadan
b. to
determine the challenges facing the land users in Ibadan.
b. to
assess the needed factors responsible for adequate land use in Ibadan.
d. to
recommend possible solution facing the land users in Ibadan
1.4 Justification
This study will be of significant to the government
and the various players in the Nigerian real estate sector as it assesses effect
of Location on Land Use
1.5 Scope
of the Study
The study is designed to analyze the
pattern of land use in Ibadan city. In view to quest and
strive towards industrialization, technological innovations, and the drive to
modernism in modification and change in landuse and landcover of Ibadan city.
1.6 Study
Area
Ibadan
city is located approximately on latitude 7o 23’ North and on
longitude 3o 5’ East of the Greenwich Meridian (Wikipedia, 2014).
The name ‘Ibadan’ emanated from “Eba Odan” literarily meaning ‘near the
grassland’. This reflects its location on the fringe of the forest zone near
the savanna. Ibadan is located near the forest grassland of South Western
Nigeria.
The city of Ibadan is naturally drained by four rivers
with many tributaries: Ona River in the North and West; Ogbere River towards
the East; Ogunpa River flowing through the city and Kudeti River in the Central
part of the metropolis (Wikipedia, 2016). Ogunpa River, a third-order stream
with a channel length of 12.76 km and a catchment area of 54.92 km 2. Lake
Eleyele is located at the north-western part of the city, while the Osun River
and the Asejire Lake bounds the city to the east.
Ibadan is located in south-western Nigeria in the
south-eastern part of Oyo State at about 119 kilometres (74 miles) northeast of
Lagos and 120 kilometres (75 miles) east of the Nigerian international border
with the Republic of Benin (Wikipedia, 2016). It lies completely within the
tropical forest zone but close to the boundary between the forest and the
derived savannah. The city ranges in elevation from 150 m in the valley area,
to 275 m above sea level on the major north-south ridge which crosses the
central part of the city. The city covers a total area of 3,080 square.
Ibadan city has many commercial land users in
different location such as shoprite located within the vicinity of Cocoa House,
Various banks, Hospitals; likewise some recreational centres such as Ventura
located in Sango along Samonda and UI exit. Such users of different sales and
pattern brings about Ibadan city development in various forms.
The economic impact of this is to bring about the
state development in various aspect such as increase in tax rate, development
area by the state government due to the vast economic impact of the commercial
land user in the vicinity of Ibadan City.
It is pertinent to note that
landuse and landcover changes have impacts on a wide range of environmental and
landscape attributes such as the quality of water, land and air resources,
ecosystem processes and function, and the climate systems. A lot of environmental
challenges have arisen in recent times due to landuse and landcover change.
Click to Download Full Project
PAYMENT OPTIONS
Option
one
For you to have access to the other
Chapters kindly click on the button below to download. Payment of N5000.00 will
be required of you to pay before downloading the materials. Our Materials is
Unique and accessible.
Click to Download
Option Two
You can pay to these following Bank Account No.
a. Account name: Solomon Samuel A.
Account No. 0049522201
Bank Name: Gtbank
Click to Download
Option Two
You can pay to these following Bank Account No.
a. Account name: Solomon Samuel A.
Account No. 0049522201
Bank Name: Gtbank
b. Account name: Abimbola Olawale Yusuf
Bank Name: 1st Bank
Account No.: 3046183290
After payment call the following Numbers for the Complete Project to be sent to your email; kindly send us the following details:
a. Email Address
b. Phone number
c. Teller Number
d. Code and Name of Project Topic.
Kindly send us these following information and the Complete Material will be sent to your mail in 30 minute time of the confirmation of the money sent.
Also, you can contact Sabtech Education on 07066244719, 08038581735, 08189473989
Whatsapp No: 07066244719, 08189473989
And through the email address: sabtechcafe@gmail.com.
Wishing you Best of Luck in your
Academic pursuit and endeavors, God
No comments:
Post a Comment
Add your Comment